基于传统清管球接收器的滤杂防堵工艺设计

清管球回收操作过程中,清管球接收器的泄压、排液和惰化导致泥、砂、垢等杂质积聚在清管球接收器中,并随油气物流进入闭排系统管线,造成杂质流失、闭排系统管线堵塞和压力无法完全释放,影响对海底油气管道腐蚀、析蜡、结垢及地层出砂等情况的判断,存在很大的安全隐患。通过对清管球接收器实施工艺改造,使清管球接收器具备滤杂防堵功能和自动取样功能,有效解决了闭排管线堵塞、杂质流失和安全隐患问题。该工艺研究对于海上油气田海底管线的运营和维护具有较高的借鉴意义。     

Design and characteristics of a new type laminar plasma torch for materials processing

Laminar plasma jet(LPJ) generated by laminar plasma torch(LPT) has a favorable temperature and velocity distribution. Thus, it is superior to the turbulent plasma jet in material processing.However, most of the reported LPTs usually operate at a relatively low output power with a relatively low arc voltage and thermal efficiency, which limits its capabilities. In this context, this paper attempts to design a new type of high-power LPT with a relatively low arc current and a high thermal efficiency. In the first section, the design principle of the main components is studied and discussed in detail, and a new high-power LPT is proposed. Then, the experimental characteristics of the proposed high-power LPT are examined. Experimental results reveal the following characteristics of the proposed LPT.(1) The max jet length of the proposed LPT reaches at 540 mm.(2) Its mean arc voltage is higher than 290 V when the LPT works with arc currents lower than 200 A, leading to an output power greater than 50 kW.(3) The mean thermal efficiency is higher than 50%. Lastly, the proposed LPT has been applied to spheroidize the aluminum oxide powers. The experiment results for the production of spherical powders show that the proposed LPT has a good characteristic for material processing.     

柠檬酸铋合成新工艺研究

针对现有柠檬酸铋制备工艺合成时间长、能耗高、产品纯度不高等不足,介绍了一种常温下制备柠檬酸铋的新工艺。新工艺制备时间短,制备的柠檬酸铋产品质量好,合成过程产生的废水可循环利用,废气经碱液循环吸收可生产硝酸钠副产品。     

页岩气地质评价关键实验技术的进展与展望

页岩气地质评价实验结果为页岩气地质"甜点"评价、地质选区、储量计算、水平井压裂层段优选及开发方案确定等提供了重要的数据基础与科学依据。近年来,随着我国页岩气勘探开发工作的不断深入,相关地质评价实验技术也取得了较大的进展。特别是在页岩微观孔隙结构、含气性和物性这3个方面,通过引进先进技术与自主设备研发相结合,建立了适用于我国海相页岩的分析测试技术和标准,对于推动我国页岩气的勘探开发进程发挥了重要的作用。为了给我国页岩气基础地质研究、实验室建设及相关标准制定提供参考和指导,归纳总结了国内外在上述3项页岩气地质评价关键实验技术方面所取得的进展,并对相关技术未来的发展趋势进行了展望。研究结果表明:①对于页岩微观孔隙结构测试,目前已经形成了多种手段相结合的定性观测和定量表征测试方法,实现了由静态表征向动态表征的转化,未来需要在页岩孔隙结构的原位表征和孔内流体赋存特征直接观测等方面做进一步的研究;②对于页岩含气性测试,目前已经建立了现场与室内相结合的含气性定量表征系列技术,实现了对页岩吸附气和游离气赋存特征的定量评价,未来需要在深层页岩损失气量计算、页岩气吸附机理及模型等方面做进一步的研究;③对于页岩物性测试,目前已经建立了多种方法相结合的孔隙度和渗透率测试技术,实现了对页岩孔隙有效性的定量评价,未来需要在孔隙度测试条件和方法等方面进行对比研究并统一标准。结论认为,只有不断地改进和优化页岩气地质评价实验技术,才能够满足科研与生产的需求。     

1226工作面切顶卸压沿空成巷技术应用研究

为解决掘进成本较高、接替紧张等问题,基于1226工作面地质条件,对运输巷进行切顶卸压沿空留巷设计,主要包括切顶预裂缝、恒阻大变形锚索和巷道支护参数的设计,取得较好效果。     

等离子体改性海绵铁活化过硫酸盐处理含酚废水

采用低温等离子体技术对海绵铁表面进行改性，并将其用于活化过硫酸盐（PS）处理含酚废水。通过氮气等温吸附（BET）、X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等手段对改性前后的海绵铁进行表征分析。以苯酚为目标污染物，通过静态实验考察催化剂投加量、催化剂/PS摩尔比、pH和苯酚初始浓度对等离子体改性海绵铁活化PS处理含酚废水的影响。结果表明，改性后的海绵铁比表面积、孔容及孔径均有增大，活化PS能力显著提高；在最佳反应条件（等离子改性海绵铁的投加量为0.4g/L，催化剂/PS摩尔比为1∶15，溶液pH为2，苯酚的初始浓度为250mg/L）下，苯酚的去除率可达95%；反应过程符合二级反应动力学，主要是硫酸根自由基和羟基自由基起氧化作用。等离子体技术改性海绵铁活化过硫酸钠可有效去除水中苯酚，为实际含酚废水的处理提供一些思路。     

Enhancing the sweetening power of lactose by enzymatic modification in the reformulation of dairy products

Lactose solutions of up to 50% (w/v) were incubated with lactases and glucose isomerases for subsequent implementation in dairy product samples to enhance sweetness. A degree of hydrolysis of >90% and of isomerisation of 50% were attainable. The sensory sweetening power of lactose in solutions of up to 50% (w/v) can be enhanced 2–3 times. Based on sensory experiments, application of this bi‐enzymatic system in yoghurt and pudding samples allowed for a 10–20% (w/w) reduction in the total sugar content, whilst retaining equal sweetness. The growth of yoghurt starter cultures was not affected, yet furosine formation more than doubled in high heated, enzyme‐modified milk.     

BIM技术应用于建筑工程造价的对策研究

随着BIM技术的进步,建筑行业越来越重视BIM技术的应用,并在应用过程中取得一定的成效。本文从工程造价决策、设计、招投标、施工、竣工五个阶段阐述BIM技术在建筑工程造价中的应用对策。     

Elastic modulus of nanocrystalline cemented carbide

The purposes of this work were to obtain the accurate elastic modulus of the nanocrystalline WC–Co cemented carbides, and to propose the mechanism for the difference of elastic modulus between the nanocrystalline and conventional polycrystalline cemented carbides. The nanocrystalline cemented carbide was prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The conventional polycrystalline cemented carbides were prepared by SPS and sinter-HIP techniques as references, respectively. The sintered cemented carbides were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and the transmission electron microscopy with precession electron diffraction technology. The elastic modulus was obtained by averaging the values measured with the continuous stiffness measurement method of the nanoindentation technology. The results show that the nanocrystalline cemented carbide has a relatively low modulus, which could be attributed to the more interface area and higher fraction ratio of the hcp cobalt phase caused by the rapid heating and cooling process during SPS.     

煤矿主提升机平衡尾绳更换工艺的改进

更换煤矿主提升机平衡尾绳是煤矿重大检修项目之一,原施工方案为两条平衡尾绳同时更换,存在较多不合理之处,改进为以新绳带旧绳、单绳依次更换的方案,实现了安全、快捷地更换平衡尾绳,同时减少施工对矿井生产的影响,提高煤矿经济效益。